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Ontological hermeneutics
Ontological hermeneutics psychotherapy is a phenomenological theory of human nature that psychologists, psychiatrists, and counselors have applied to their field of work.〔Chessick, R. D. (1990). Hermeneutics for psychotherapists. ''American Journal of Psychotherapy, 64''(2), 256-273.〕 Hermeneutic psychotherapy is an application of phenomenological hermeneutic philosophy as a whole. It is related to, but different from other forms of philosophical hermeneutics like biblical hermeneutics (limited to interpretation of sacred texts) or radical hermeneutics (the process of radical deconstruction of meaning). Although related to other, more widely known, theories of psychotherapy like Person-Centered and Existential therapy, Hermeneutic psychotherapy does not yet have an established body of empirical support, but it aims to more authentically describe and engage with human nature.〔Richardson, F. C., Fowers, B. J., & Guignon, C. B. (1999). ''Re-envisioning psychology: Moral dimensions of theory and practice.'' San Francisco, CA: Josey-Bass Publishers.〕〔Martin, J. & Sugarman, J. (2005). Toward an interpretive psychology. In ''Critical thinking about psychology: Hidden assumptions and plausible alternatives'' (pp. 251-266). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.〕 Critiquing the analytic and Anglo-American philosophical foundations of other theories of psychology and psychotherapy, Hermeneutic psychotherapy presents a different perspective on what it means to be a human.〔〔 Whereas many of these other traditions (like Cognitive-behavioral therapy and Dialectical-behavioral therapy) place emphasis on coping skills, thoughts, or the ego, Hermeneutic psychotherapists emphasize that both human problems and their amelioration take place in human relationships with one another and their world.〔〔Slife, B.D., & Wiggins, B. (2009). Taking relationship seriously in psychotherapy: Radical relationality. ''Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39'' (1), 17-24.〕
==Etymology==
The term hermeneutics is typically traced to Hermes, who was the messenger of the gods in Greek mythology: a messenger whose sole purpose was to interpret the will of the gods to man. However, the actual etymology of the word, although disputed, comes from the Greek verb which directly refers to interpretation.〔〔 Hermeneutics became a discipline for interpreting religious scripture and folk literature around the 15th Century, A.D., and was later adopted as a theoretical discipline for the human sciences in the 19th Century. The man most directly responsible its adoption was Wilhelm Dilthey.〔 Dilthey was followed by a succession of philosophers and psychologists, such as Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, Ludwig Binswanger, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Paul Ricœur, Charles Taylor, Brent D. Slife(), Frank C. Richardson, Timothy J. Zeddies, Jack Martin & Jeff Sugaran, John C. Christopher, and David Polizzi, who built upon his efforts to use hermeneutics as a way of studying and theorizing about human nature, as well as developing it as a counseling theory. The use of hermeneutics as a sub-discipline to understand the fundamental nature of humanity invoked the term ontological, from the study of ontology, which is simply a way of saying the ''way something is'' or, the way something exists.〔Slife, B. D. (2004). Taking practice seriously: Toward a relational ontology. ''Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 24''(2), 157 – 178.〕 It follows then that ontological hermeneutics is the theory and art of interpreting human nature: namely, what it means to be human and what it means to have experiences.〔〔〔
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